Gas Laws Calculator - Calculate Pressure, Volume & Temperature
Free online gas laws calculator to calculate pressure, volume, temperature, and moles using Boyle's law, Charles's law, and ideal gas law.
Gas Properties
Gas Law Results
Enter gas properties to calculate using gas laws
About Gas Laws Calculator
The Gas Laws Calculator helps you calculate gas properties using fundamental gas laws in chemistry.
Gas Laws:
- Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
- Boyle's Law: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
- Charles's Law: V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
- Avogadro's Law: V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂
Variables:
- P: Pressure (atm, Pa, mmHg)
- V: Volume (L, m³)
- T: Temperature (K, °C)
- n: Moles of gas (mol)
- R: Gas constant (0.0821 L⋅atm/mol⋅K)
Gas Law Relationships:
- Boyle's Law: Pressure ∝ 1/Volume (constant T, n)
- Charles's Law: Volume ∝ Temperature (constant P, n)
- Avogadro's Law: Volume ∝ Moles (constant P, T)
- Ideal Gas Law: Combines all relationships
Applications:
- Chemistry education and homework
- Laboratory calculations
- Industrial gas processes
- Environmental science
- Medical gas calculations
Units:
- Pressure: atm, Pa, mmHg, bar
- Volume: L, mL, m³
- Temperature: K, °C
- Moles: mol
Important Notes:
- Use Kelvin for temperature calculations
- Ideal gas law assumes ideal behavior
- Real gases deviate at high pressure/low temperature
- Use consistent units throughout
Note: This calculator assumes ideal gas behavior. For real gases at high pressure or low temperature, consider using the van der Waals equation or other real gas equations.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the ideal gas law?
The ideal gas law is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. It combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Avogadro's laws.
What's the difference between Boyle's and Charles's law?
Boyle's law relates pressure and volume at constant temperature (P₁V₁ = P₂V₂), while Charles's law relates volume and temperature at constant pressure (V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂).
Why do I need to use Kelvin for temperature?
Gas laws require absolute temperature, which is measured in Kelvin. Celsius is a relative scale, but Kelvin starts at absolute zero, making it suitable for gas calculations.
What is the gas constant R?
The gas constant R is 0.0821 L⋅atm/mol⋅K. It's a proportionality constant that relates the energy scale to the temperature scale in the ideal gas law.
When do real gases deviate from ideal behavior?
Real gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures. Under these conditions, gas molecules have significant volume and intermolecular forces.